help for the budding scientist

Earlier this week I received the following email from a future paleontologist, Adrienne:

Hey, Andie, I have to do a science fair experiment... the kind where you have to answer a question like, "What different fruits and veggies have more vitamin C?" (That's an example, I did it in 5th grade (2nd place!))
Anyway, I have been searching the interweb and have been so far coming up blank. I was wondering if you guys had any ideas, anything that you remember possibly doing?

We never had science fairs at my school, so I have no suggestions for young Adrienne. But you, dear readers -- any ideas? If so, please comment away

weekly update/in the news: we're on basic cable!

Lab assistant Trevor Valle made a totally awesome -- personable, even -- appearance on G4's "Attack of the Show" this week. Clip is embedded below!

Trevor had a great time, Kevin was a great interviewer, and we're hoping this'll turn into a recurring thing. Their studios are across the street, after all...

Meanwhile, back at the project...

We've taken a break from the large deposit -- Box 1 -- to focus on the little crate that could -- Box 10B. It's about 5' x 5' x 4' deep, and filled with wonderfully soft and squishy asphaltic sand and dirt -- SO much easier to excavate than Box 1. Not nearly as dense a deposit as Box 1, but we have found a wide range of rodent, rabbit and bird bones (including a beak), some dermal ossicles, and the jaw of a dwarf pronghorn. We're making quick work of this deposit; it's been open for about a month, and we're already more than half way done with it. Two things to note in this picture:
1) Check out the awesome lean-to that volunteer Richard Simun rigged up out of spare parts strewn about the excavation compound. We are well-shaded and sunburn-free!
2) The box was originally 2' taller than it is in the photograph; we've been removing slats from the tree box as we dig down. We'll be doing this for all of the deposits. It makes it easier to dig, and easier for the public to get a look at what we're digging.

Things you can't see in the picture above -- Ryan sprained his left wrist! But fortunately, he is going to be...

...a-ok. He's out of town now, but will have a "Note" on that sometime next week.

And though the sediment is a lot softer than that in Box 1 (I'm sitting next to it right now, with Spencer Bronte digging -- he just found a big bird bone!), it's not without its hazards:

I broke two screwdrivers this week while chiseling. Good time to test Craftsman's warranty, eh?

Note from the Lone Male Excavator:

Inspired by our friend Jack Tseng's "What is this?" post, I've decided to place here a mystery bone and you all have to guess what it is. The winner will receive a short on-site tour of the Project 23 excavation site, or, if you are a Page Museum volunteer and have no prior knowledge of what it is, you will win a hearty handshake from the LME (Lone Male Excavator).

I want a specific answer, should be two parts: what bone is it? & what species (or I'll take family) is it?
Ideally, you should also say whether it is a right or a left and what developmental stage it is in (roughly how old was the animal).

weekly update: back to basics

It has been one heck of a week here at Rancho La Brea; we were on almost every local news channel, the LA Times, the NY Times, the Brisbane Times, and even a couple papers from Norway ("We can not so many of these, such as deer to tigers sword" indeed!). In light of this newfound limelight (and in light of the exponential increase of blog subscribers!) I want to take a minute to get back to basics.

So for those just joining us: I'm Andie, and I work here, along with lead excavator Kristen Brown, fellow full-time excavator and lone male Ryan Long, and part-time excavators Michelle Tabencki and Laura Tewksbury. Project 23's intial beginnings are described in this blog post and many others found on this site. To date, we've excavated at least 700 fossils (and calculated a minimum number of individual animals of at least 2 dozen). Current tally includes at least:
-3 saber-tooth cats
-1 lynx
-1 North American lion
-6 dire wolves
-2 coyotes
-1 Harlan's Ground Sloth
-1 baby bison
-1 baby horse
-2 dwarf pronghorns
-LOTS of turtle
-at least 5 birds (including a teratorn!)
-LOTS of millipedes
-LOTS of oak leaves
and much much more

And our excavation site currently looks like this:

If anyone reading this works in the Variety building, we really want to take pictures from your rooftop...

Deposit 1 (on the right) is the first one APRMI found during the salvage, the biggest box overall, and the first one we started digging in. Also, it looks like a pirate ship, which pleases us immensely.

Deposit 10A (more lifeboat sized...) is also being actively worked on.

looks like Laura found a fossilized meter stick!

It hasn't yielded nearly as many fossils as Deposit 1, but did give us an interesting piece of turtle which might be new to Rancho La Brea, so that's pretty nifty.

Box 10B -- 10A's smaller, slouchier half -- is also being worked on, but can't be seen from the fence. Part of it collapsed while APRMI was boxing it up, however, so we're not taking as much locational data as we usually do.

And finally, Box 5B. We just opened this one a couple weeks ago, mostly to get an idea of what our next area of focus will be when we finish the 10s. We won't actively begin excavation until they're done. However, we've already found some neat stuff in it...

seriously: it is NOT A FOSSIL

...like this NOT FOSSIL wasp nest. It was on the side of the box under the tarp (again, NOT A FOSSIL). A neat instance of modern life co-existing (well, until the nest was abandoned..) with the extinct.

We continue to excavate 7 days a week (except for bank holidays and whatnot) and will happily talk to you if you stop by, provided we are not lunching, operating heavy machinery, or performing particularly delicate fossil extractions, and you do not try to throw things or yell rude questions (i.e. "Did you find my lost contact yet? Hyuk hyuk hyuk.") at us. We love our jobs, and love sharing our discoveries with you, and THANK YOU for your continued interest and support of natural sciences in general, and Project 23 in particular!

Additionally, there have been a number of questions posted as blog comments over the past week, which we'll answer ASAP. But as for now, we have some serious digging to do.

In the news (again!)

Hey Angelenos -- Project 23 will be featured on the front page of the LA Times tomorrow! And be sure to check out their online photo gallery as well. And...

Hey early risers -- Project 23 will be on Good Morning, America tomorrow morning! We'll be popping up in all sorts of news outlets this week, so keep an eye out for more.

In the news

Part-time excavatrix Laura Tewksbury has been busy! She sends us this link:

Whale Fossil for Concordia Elementary School

and writes:

"This was the first fossil preparation project I ever worked on, under paleontologist Greg Seymour. During high school, my mom would drive me over to volunteer at least once a week, and I got to both chip away at his (horrible, fine-grained, concrete-like) matrix and help teach the kids about paleontology. It's pretty much one of the main reasons I'm here [i.e. at Rancho La Brea]. I originally got involved through Dave Gerhard when he first moved to Concordia, since that was my old elementary school, my little sisters were still there, and my mom was PTA President.

How time flies. Like a whale on a hoist. "

Very cool, Laura!

update: PROGRESS

Remember this?

Flip it upside down, replace employee Michelle with volunteer Christina, add in a heat gun, and you get THIS:

That, paleo-friends, is the skull of a North American Lion -- Panthera atrox. We finally finished removing all the bones around it, and thus successfully excavated the skull!

But first, here are some interesting inferences about North American Lions, provided by our fair leader, collections manager Christopher A Shaw:

- North American Lions showed up in their eponymous continent (North America) around 400k years ago

- They were probably not social animals -- in other words, there were no prides of these particular lions. We think this for two reasons:

1. We don't find nearly as many of them as we do dire wolves and sabertooth cats, and not with nearly the same range of ontogenetic age. For example, we've found approximately 6 North American Lions in Pit 91, compared to around 50 Saber-toothed Cats.
2. In a pride of African lions, the ratio of males to females is 1:6 or 1:7. Here at Rancho La Brea the ratio is about 1:1. Thus: no African Lion-esque prides. North American Lions likely had a more solitary lifestyle, more akin to that of a mountain lion.

- These lions likely did not have manes. Cave drawings in North America exclusively feature mane-less lions -- either that, or only females, which doesn't seem very likely.


Back to our skull: after months of carefully using dental picks to clear out the surrounding matrix, we eventually had to resort to brute force to get the lion skull out.

That's me on the left, Michelle on the right. I'm rocking the skull back and forth on its side to loosen it from the surrounding matrix; Michelle is holding on to a bone underneath the skull to keep it from coming out along with the lion. Aisling wisely thought to film the entire process:

Background soundtrack provided by: Marketplace with Kai Ryssdal on NPR; Laura Tewksbury singing; various lab volunteers cheering; and me saying "there's a frickin humerus attached to it!" A great orator, I am not...

Though quality on this video isn't the best, it is good enough to show just how tough it is to get something out of an asphaltic deposit. Even after putting all of my weight behind the skull, at first it barely moves. However, after some artful wiggling (and a decent amount of luck) it's out!

And there was much rejoicing! Yes, I could have continued removing matrix with the heatgun and a dental pick until the skull basically fell out. However, the more you use a sharp pointy object near a priceless artifact, the more likely it is that you scratch aforementioned priceless artifact (or one of the other 20 priceless artifacts under the skull that you can't even see and will therefore probably put a hole into). Thus, every once in a great while, it's better to use your bare hands and just push.

The skull itself is an absolutely beautiful specimen; it's the most complete P. atrox skull we've gotten out of the current excavations (i.e. Pit 91 and Project 23).

Look at all those bones I could have damaged had I continued using a dental pick! The crescent shaped bone in the lion's mouth is a horse hoof; there's a complete saber cat rib in the back; and yes, on the right -- there's a fricken humerus attached to it. Sabertoothed cat humerus, to be exact.

And now that the skull's out, we can get on with our excavation.

These are just a few of the bones that are now accessible thanks to the skull's removal. Click the picture above to be taken to our flickr site, where you can mouse-over individual bones and find out what they are.

As for our skull...

Laura promptly carried it off to the lab, and rumor has it that Herb will begin cleaning it in a few weeks. We think we'll name it Fluffy.

update-ish

Too busy for a proper post, but if you click the photo above, you'll be taken to our flickr site, where I just uploaded about a dozen pictures from the filming of Dirty Jobs. More pictures next week, because friends, paleontology waits for no woman. We've had an extremely productive week, and just two short hours ago, we FINALLY got the North American Lion skull out of deposit 1. And let me tell you, it is a beaut. So once we're done basking in the glory of a job well done, we'll get back to blogging. Cheers!

DIRTY JOBS!

l to r: Kristen Brown, Andrea Thomer, Michelle Tabencki (the happiest girl in the world), Mike Rowe (working the purple bandana like no other), and Laura Tewksbury

We excavators and excavatrices made our television debut last night on the Discovery Channel's totally awesome show, Dirty Jobs! Mike Rowe came by a few months ago to help us with Pit 91 maintenance. Tar pits were glopped, shoring boards replaced, fossils excavated, cell phones inexplicably thrown: in short, a good time was had by all. I have to say, Mike, Dave Barsky, and the rest of the Dirty Jobs crew were the nicest, funniest, and generally raddest film crew we've ever hosted at the pits, so many thanks to them for being great (and for not editing us to look like madwomen) (or rather, editing us so that you can't tell we're really madwomen).

Now. We have a TON of pictures from the filming of the episode, which will be posted to our flickr channel by week's end. AND we have a good amount of incrimintating footage of Michelle, excavatrix and sponge bather extraordinaire, which will hopefully be posted to youtube soonish (provided she lets me...). And AND for those of you that missed it, the episode will be playing again this Friday at 8pm on the Discovery Channel. Set your collective Tivos. And check back on Friday for more pictures and stories and tomfoolery.

go team awesome! l to r: Chris Shaw, Kristen Brown, Trevor Valle, Laura Tewksbury, Aisling Farrell, Michelle Tabencki, Ryan Long, Andie Thomer

Yay!

update

happy non-denominational seasons greetings and new year

It is 85 degrees Fahrenheit in Los Angeles right now. In January. In what is supposed to be the dead of winter. We are mildly confused, but not complaining; digging in asphalt is so much easier in the warm sun! The matrix in two particular grids -- A-1 and A-2 -- has been soft enough to dig through using our fingers. Findings of note:

This jaw is from a small wildcat, most likely a Lynx, per collections manager Christopher Shaw. We don't have that many bones from smaller cats in our collection at the Page Museum for two reasons: 1) these smaller cats were likely solitary, so when they got stuck in an asphalt seep, they got stuck alone -- not with 15 of their closest friends, as with Dire Wolves and Saber-toothed Cats. 2) smaller cats have small bones, and early fossil collectors (during the early 1900s) would have likely passed them over for larger, more obviously interesting fossils like, again, those of the Saber-toothed Cat. This is what's called a collection bias: the arbitrary favoring of one kind of fossil or specimen over another. One of the main goals of the excavation in Pit 91 and with Project 23 is to correct this bias. Thus, we collect and keep everything -- even the stuff that might not seem obviously important at the time. For instance:

In grid A-2/Level 3 I found two bird tibiotarsi (i.e. drumsticks) immediately on top of one another. They're definitely from the same species (but I don't know which one), one tibiotarsus was a left and the other was a right, and they are about the same size. This may be a case of association (two fossils from the same individual animal), or it may be just a really weird coincidence. But it kind of doesn't matter: it's an unusual enough case to warrant thorough documentation. Pictures, notes, and measurements have been taken, and preserved for posterity. I am but a lowly excavatrix -- not a proper paleontologist -- and I haven't the years of schooling necessary to interpret this assemblage. But good data collection will hopefully benefit actual paleontologists of the future, as they dive through field notes and make the interpretations that we excavators couldn't. Ryan, our sole man, noted the following:

The orange bits are a complete oak leaf found from a largely sterile portion of Deposit 1. We've found a large number of plant parts, and a good number of oak leaves in this deposit. We don't know what plant is worth collecting and what isn't, so we try to collect as much as possible. Again, this is something for future scientists to interpret. And it's our job to make sure everything's collected in as complete a manner as possible. Finally, an eagle-eyed volunteer (hi Spencer) spotted the following:

a pile of orange dirt. While this wouldn't be surprising in any other fossil deposit, anything with any hint of color at the La Brea Tar Pits is worth noting. So a sample was collected, notes were taken, and hopefully this will give us some insight into the depositional environment around this particular deposit.